Cyber Warfare and National Security: Analyzing the Evolving US-China Cyber Rivalry through the Lens of Realism and Its Implications for Global Cyber security Governance

Abstract

The growing use and innovation in information technology and communication in all domains of life has made the world richer but also fragile and it has led to breach of privacy and increased dependence on the internet. Thus cyber security has become one of the major global concerns a growing nontraditional security issue. We can observe that the cyber security discourse of today emphasizes the increasing set of threats ranging from cybercrime, computer viruses, and cyber espionage. Globally cyber terrorism and cyber war are also becoming major issues that are discussed on global platforms. The complexity of the digital world and increased security risk have led to overemphasis that may violate equality, freedom of speech, and fairness. The study aims to highlight the growing paranoia that comes with the growth of cyberspace through the lens of the theory of realism, understanding that the concept of security dilemma also exists in the cyber domain. Just like traditional conflicts, states are engaged in constant power struggles in cyberspace. The study highlights the major concerns related to cyber security and cyber-warfare with its relationship to foreign policy implications for China and the U.S. The methodology applied in this study includes a comprehensive exploration of the landscape of cyber-security and cyber-warfare in China and the U.S. The chapter seeks to analyze the growing landscape of cyber security and cyber warfare and the changing nature of threats with a focus on the foreign policy implications of China and the U.S. about cyber security and warfare.  A detailed comparative analysis of China and the U.S. with an understanding of differences and potentials of collaboration and conflict concerning cyber policies. The chapter will contribute to the promotion of international cooperation in addressing this new emerging global challenge of cyber security and warfare. With deep insights to understand this global threat, this research aspires to have a lasting influence on national security considerations with evidence-based suggestions and recommendations. By identifying potential areas for collaboration and examining diplomatic responses to cyber incidents. This chapter seeks to foster a more collaborative approach to secure cyber security and the implication of the phenomenon on the Foreign Policies of China and the U.S. Recognizing that Cybersecurity is entwined with international relations, the research argues that findings extend beyond the specific context of China and the U.S. The chapter aims to contribute to the vast field of international relations by shedding light on the complex between national interest, diplomatic relations, and Cybersecurity. The key argument in this study is to underscore the rapidly evolving nature of cyber warfare tactics and Cybersecurity threats and emphasize the need for an adaptive policy response to effectively counter emerging challenges in both China and the U.S.