Public Archaeology and Community Engagement in Sindh: A Model for Heritage Preservation

Abstract

Community heritage management has increasingly emerged as an important global approach that emphasizes the shared responsibility of local communities and governmental institutions in the sustainable conservation of cultural heritage. This study presents an ethno-archaeological analysis of community-led heritage management practices focusing on shrines, archaeological and historical sites, living heritage, and cultural landscapes within the framework of UNESCO and ICOMOS heritage conservation guidelines. Evidence from Sindh and other international community-based heritage initiatives demonstrates that local communities often act as effective custodians of heritage resources, contributing to site protection and reducing encroachment, vandalism, destruction, and antiquities trafficking. Despite facing challenges such as limited institutional capacity, lack of legal recognition, and socio-political constraints, community movements have played a significant role in heritage preservation. Notable examples include resistance to mining at Karonjhar Mountain, the Darya Bachayo Tehreek for the protection of the Indus River, and the survival of traditional crafts such as boat making, masonry, basketry, embroidery, and wood and stone carving. The study recommends an integrated community-led framework that strengthens grassroots participation while promoting collaboration with formal heritage institutions for sustainable heritage management.