Impact of Domestic Violence on Women’s Health in Pakistan

Abstract

Domestic violence remains a major factor in the health and social wellbeing of women in Pakistan. The present study examined the impact of domestic violence on the physical and psychological health, as well as the awareness and perception of policy measures to reduce domestic violence among women. A sample of 200 married women was selected by using purposive sampling from different regions of Pakistan. Data were analyzed based on four hypotheses using Pearson correlation, independent sample t-tests, and multiple regression analysis. The results showed that there are strong positive correlations between exposure to domestic violence and a decline in physical and mental health indicators. Independent t-test results showed significant difference between women who experienced high and low levels of violence based on two measures of psychological wellbeing and empowerment. Regression analysis was used to validate the link between domestic violence and poorer health outcomes and lower self-efficacy in women. These findings highlight the need for effective policy dissemination, legal reforms and community-based interventions that empower women and de-normalize violence within patriarchal societies. The research adds useful empirical evidence for policymakers and public health stakeholders to develop more inclusive and gender-responsive systems.